Financing Small Businesses

Transportation as a Form of Punishment: A History Contemporary analysts contended that â€Å"transportation was no discipline at all†. Do you feel this is a precise proclamation of real factors of transportation to America and Australia in the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years? Presentation In this paper, it will be battled that at a shallow level, there is a proportion of precision to the suppositions communicated in the citation contained in the title proclamation. The view of fitting discipline that shaped the open awareness of the criminal equity framework in Georgian England, where more than 140 offenses conveyed the prompt possibility of a capital punishment upon conviction, is the purpose of initiation. The protection of a convict’s life in a distant land was regularly seen not as a genuine criminal sentence yet as a lesser however similarly successful type of exoneration. Open antipathy for transportation as a genuine type of criminal condemning increased in the Victorian time. As the idea of the prison supplanted the prior thoughts of expulsion and its inborn purifying of the social texture of the ‘criminal classes’, an apparently free section to an ungoverned land, for example, Australia was incongruent with the considerable pictures of Milbank jail and the panopticons displayed on the previous work of Jeremy Bentham. The shallow impression made by the contemporary pundits concerning the connection among transportation and traditional ideas of criminal discipline is submitted in this paper to be deficient. This paper will investigate various significant conclusions that emanate from these customary ideas, the head of which is the advancement of the Australian ‘convict republic’ and its accomplishment in affecting reorganization and cultural joining of hoodlums that was never accomplished in its English partner.. Notwithstanding the physical dangers presented to the convict freight shipped by eighteenth and mid nineteenth vessels making a trip from England to the far off grounds of America and later to secretive and unexplored Australia, transportation spoke to a type of reluctant migration, regularly because of conviction for offenses that by current guidelines may warrant, probably, a non custodial mien. These focuses will be created inside the accompanying system. It is imperative to value the course of events inside which transportation was accessible as a criminal sentence in England. The course of events might be isolated into five unmistakable parts: the period preceding the 1718 authoritative changes; the sanctioning of the Transportation Act, 1718 until the flare-up of the American Revolutionary War, 1776; the time of the jail â€Å"hulks†; the initiation of Australian transportation, 1787 and the early Australian settlements; the change of the Australian reformatory province structure until the discontinuance of Australian transportation, 1840. The investigation of the times of transportation essentially includes an examination between the methods of reasoning utilized by British specialists to legitimize transportation to America and that conjured as for Australia. The Australian provincial activities thus mirrored an amazing ocean change in open opinion concerning transportation after the Bigge report of 1822. The twin Georgian time inspiration to free Britain of its lawbreakers through expulsion correspondingly populated a geopolitically vital south Pacific state. The prison development and its orderly standards of social control and renewal of the criminal classes everywhere eventually turned into the rule focal point of England’s Victorian arrangement of criminal condemning and discipline.. The Australian reformatory province experience is given power in this paper because of its degree and the different social powers that affected its course between the cruising of the First Fleet to Australia in 1787 and the finish of transportation sentences in the British criminal equity framework to New South Wales after 1840. In direct reference to the citation refered to in the title, uncommon reference is made to the contemporary transcripts of the procedures at the Old Bailey in the important period. The cases and auxiliary specialists refered to on the side of the recommendations progressed here are not submitted not as thorough however as illustrative of the focuses progressed. The starting points of the transportation sentence in English criminal practice-The American provinces Expulsion as outcast from one’s country is an antiquated sanction.[1]In English law, the training didn't start with the entry of the Transportation Act in 1718. As right on time as 1674, a female respondent named â€Å"Mall. Floyd† was condemned at the Old Bailey â€Å"†¦to be shipped to a portion of the Plantations past the Seas†.[2] Floyd was indicted for taking children’s garments; hers is the most punctual transportation sentence noted in the Old Bailey records.[3] These transcripts uncover that in more than 50 cases recorded in the London courts somewhere in the range of 1676 and 1684, transportation was the sentence forced. In most of transportation cases, the wrongdoer was sentenced for negligible burglary or larceny.[4] The main Transportation Act obviously systematized this regular practice[5]. The American settlements were the most successive extreme goal of the people condemned to transportation among 1718 and the flare-up of the American War of Independence in 1776. It is plain that the open strategy reason for transportation was multi-dimensional and mirrored a natural pressure in English lawful practice between the expanded number of English criminal offenses that ostensibly conveyed a capital punishment after 1660, and an acknowledgment that the supposed ‘Bloody Code’ didn't generally bring about a discipline that fit the crime.[6] Transportation and the result of expulsion to an outside land was seen as an alleviation from the It is noted in a considerable lot of the scholastic specialists that transportation to the American states was suspended after 1776. In any case, the sentences kept on being forced; between the American war and the main shipment of convicts to Botany Bay in 1787, Old Bailey records demonstrate that more than 8700 people were condemned to transportation without essentially regularly leaving England[7]. The majority of these male convicts carried out their punishments on the sickness swarmed and swarmed â€Å"hulks†, the jail ships positioned on the Thames whose detainees were utilized to dig the river.[8] There is little inquiry given the verifiable record that transportation to America, expecting that the hazardous Atlantic section was made due by the convict, spoke to an open door for the guilty party to live a more advantageous presence, if not one where resident status was attainable[9]. In contract the later Australian experience, transportation to America was a training planned to give prepared work to the frontier economy. There was no legitimate component by which a convict could incorporate themselves into free frontier society. Transportation definitely brought about an existence of moderately sound subjugation for the convict in the state, an outcome that may have been seen as desirable over the presence of individuals from the under classes of their contemporary free English society, or the risky and ailment conveying â€Å"hulks† where sentences were passed after 1776[10]. It is of intrigue that while the American resistance brought about the suspension and afterward the finish of transportation to America, when the war started the work yield of African slaves was viewed by pioneer undertakings as better than that delivered by moved English convicts.[11] The best of African work was wanted to the most noticeably terrible of England as recently sent to the colonies.[12] The vehicle of convicts to America had likewise brought forth an assortment of fantasies concerning the â€Å"returning felon† and his specific rankles to English society.[13]Panics of this sort were progressively a formation of fruitful media brains of the period than established indeed. These feelings of dread were likewise best in class with less power during the time of Australian transport.[14]An prior spike to the thought that transportation was in the overall population enthusiasm of English society was found in the â€Å"crime wave† prominently accepted to be undermining London in the mid 1790s.[15] Australia Though the transportation of guilty parties to the American settlements was a sober minded lawful punishment that accomplished the impact of expulsion of nuisances to a spot where their work could be used, the beginning of Australian transportation in 1787 connected increasingly significant and clashing social arrangement considerations[16]. Such sentences served to expel nuisances from English society; Australia, a land just known to Europeans since 1770, spoke to a significant provincial open door for England. A financially self-supporting state and its chaperon military nearness in the south Pacific area was an ideal goal of English authorities.[17] Transportation as an instrument of criminal condemning had been tested preceding the vehicle of the primary convicts to Australia. Jeremy Bentham is the most striking of these adversaries, who considered transportation to be extirpation when the cultural objective should be the alteration of human instinct through correction[18]. His speculations of discipline were coordinated not to the expulsion of guilty parties and the apparent expulsion of the criminal stain from the cultural texture, however to the standards of reorganization of wrongdoers using detainment. The panopticon as contrived by Bentham consolidated the ideas of humility to be served by the guilty party to the state through detachment from society and the work performed while limited, and the capacity of the detainee to be come back to society an improved person.[19]The Bentham model was proposed to join a â€Å"calibration of deterrence†, where the length of sentenc

Diabetes Mellitus II

Diabetes mellitus alludes to â€Å"a gathering of metabolic ailments portrayed by high (glucose) levels that outcome from deserts in insulin discharge, or activity, or both. † (Mathur, 2009) This interminable ailment happens when the creation of insulin, a hormone discharged by the pancreas so as to manage the glucose levels, is missing or deficient. Two significant kinds of diabetes are 1. ) type 1 diabetes which requires the influenced individual to be insulin-needy as his pancreas has been harmed via auto-safe assaults, making it unfit to discharge the hormone and 2. type 2 diabetes which is likewise called non-insulin diabetes mellitus as the patients who experience the ill effects of this ailment can at present produce their own insulin.As a self evident certainty, for the last mentioned, inordinate measures of insulin are created by the body. This, nonetheless, harms the beta cell, the piece of the pancreas that discharges insulin, and causes the consumption of the creat ion of insulin over the long haul. This paper will concentrate on diabetes mellitus 2, the reasons for this incessant infection just as the physiological restrictions that it can force on a person’s practice program.It will likewise incorporate the side effects that a health specialist must watch out for when preparing an individual experiencing type 2 diabetes. This data will be utilized to make an activity program for a subject with this constant sickness. In this segment, the power, recurrence, term and the strategy for deciding how the program should advance will be recognized. Any endorsed medicine that may influence the person’s execution ought to likewise be considered in the production of this program.Although diabetes mellitus II is instituted grown-up beginning diabetes as it ordinarily creates in grown-ups who are forty years or more, the quantity of youngsters who have been determined to have this ailment has additionally expanded in number. Despite the fac t that hereditary qualities or complexities during pregnancy may assume a job in the advancement of this illness, corpulence is as yet distinguished as the significant reason for this issue. A person who has a Body Mass Index (BMI) that is 20% higher than the perfect has a higher possibility of turning out to be diabetic.Other significant hazard factors related with diabetes are age, family ancestry, race, a background marked by past debilitated glucose resilience (IGT) or weakened fasting glucose (IFG), hypertension, a past filled with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian disorder. (Votey and Peters, 2009) previously, individuals ages 40 or more will be progressively inclined to this malady. Be that as it may, presently, because of the sharp increment in the quantity of kids with this sickness, this should be considered as a pediatric illness. A person’s family ancestry ought to likewise be viewed as while deciding a person’s hazard to get this d isease.People with first degree family members who are diabetic can have a higher possibility of procuring this infection. They may have obtained the quality that invigorates the creation of a protein that represses the job of insulin in cell glucose transport. A person’s ethnic gathering can likewise expand a person’s danger of getting this ailment. Afro-Americans, Hispanic Americans, Pacific Islanders, American Indians and Asians have a higher possibility of getting diabetic. A person’s circulatory strain and cholesterol level can likewise decide whether he is inclined to diabetes.People with a pulse of 140/90 mmHg or more, a cholesterol level of 35 mg-dL-1 or underneath or a triglycerol level of 250 mg-dL-1 will have a higher danger of getting diabetic. (McArdle, p. 452, 2007) For individuals with type 2 diabetes, an expansion in glucose levels happen on account of relative insulin lack or the inadequate creation of insulin by the pancreas, insulin obstructio n or the abatement in the impacts of insulin on fringe tissues, particularly muscles, or a blend of these two problems.Of course, insulin opposition, doesn’t essentially imply that an individual has diabetes. This, be that as it may, can cause diabetes over the long haul, particularly if the person’s diet is wealthy in straightforward starches. Due to insulin opposition, glucose is changed over to triacylglycerol and is put away as fat. Since fat cells tend to be insulin-safe because of its decreased insulin receptor thickness, the person’s insulin obstruction can arrive at a level that surpasses the greatest yield of the pancreas.Both opposition and oxygen consuming preparing can help in the administration of these variables by improving insulin are glucagon reactions. Since skeletal muscles expend a great deal of glucose, roughly 70 to 90% of the glucose present in the body, obstruction preparing which builds bulk can expand insulin affectability, prompting be tter glucose control. Aerobic exercise, then again, â€Å"maintains the blood level of insulin and glucagon during exercise nearer to resting values. † (McArdle, p. 451, 2007)Ideally, the administration of diabetes includes abstaining from excessive food intake, practicing and taking in the recommended prescription, if there is any. There are, in any case, a few situations when the glucose level of the patient is excessively high and exercise should be put off. Simultaneously, in spite of the fact that activity can be helpful to diabetics, it very well may be counterproductive if the state of the customer isn't inspected appropriately. Before a customer is given a program, the educator should initially ensure that he has his doctor’s consent.The teacher ought to likewise know whether the customer has the accompanying entanglements: retinal discharge, expanded proteinuria, quickening of microvascular sores, cardiovascular arrhythmias, ischemic coronary illness, over the top pulse during exercise, postexercise orthostatic hyerptension, expanded hyperglycemia, expanded ketosis, foot ulcers, orthopedic injury identified with neuropathy and quickened degenerative joint infection. The activity ought to be balanced dependent on these factors.Obese people, for instance, ought to be given lesser weight-bearing activities. Simultaneously, they ought to likewise be given longer rest periods so as to maintain a strategic distance from increment in circulatory strain. Individuals with heart and circulatory strain issues must not be permitted to practice when the temperature is excessively high or the climate is excessively sticky. They ought to likewise be given adequate rest in the middle of sets. They ought to evade isometric activities just as activities that include raising the weight overhead or holding positions wherein the head is lower than legs.Aside from the dangers brought about by complexities, the teacher ought to likewise focus on indications of hypoglycemia, particularly if the customer is taking in insulin or oral hypoglycemic operators. Gentle hypoglycemia is described by trembling or precariousness, anxiety, palpitations, expanded perspiring and extreme yearning. Individuals with moderate hypoglycemic responses experience cerebral pains, peevishness and sudden state of mind changes, disabled fixation and mindfulness, mental disarray and drowsiness.In extreme cases, the individual gets lethargic and oblivious and encounters seizures. For such occurrences, the teacher must be mindful to these manifestations with the goal that he can respond right away. Since certain patients take Ãÿ-blocker medicine, hypoglycemic ignorance ought normal and it is dependent upon the teacher to make the customer quit working out, measure his glucose level and have him eat some basic starches like hard confections and sugar 3D shapes if hypoglycemia is affirmed. The customer should then be approached to rest for ten to fifteen minutes.Afte r that, his glucose level ought to by and by be estimated previously permitting him to proceed with the activity regiment. Another hazard that ought to be maintained a strategic distance from is late-beginning hypoglycemia wherein the diabetic’s glucose stays low significantly following four to forty-eight hours has passed. This can occur if the client’s practice is unreasonably demanding for him. Hence, high-force exercise ought not be controlled to a diabetic individual, particularly on the off chance that he has been endorsed some insulin or hypoglycemic agents.He should start with a low-power program that step by step increments in power. Changes in power must be made after a time of three to about a month and a half with the goal that the individual would be given sufficient opportunity to modify. As indicated by Erikkson's investigation (Janot and Kravitz, 2009), doing some opposition preparing two times every week is sufficient to show results. Starting with thi s recurrence is additionally prudent as the teacher would be since its getting late to watch the customer's response to the activity. He would likewise have the option to free him from late-beginning hypoglycemia.The study done by Ishii and his partners (Janot and Kravitz, 2009) shows that the scope of the heap given to diabetic people ought to be 40 to half of their 1 rep max. They ought to do around 2 arrangements of 25 redundancies. Furthermore, they ought to be offered 30 to 120 seconds of rest in the middle of sets. In view of the FITT guideline, individuals with type 2 diabetes can have 3 to 5 times each seven day stretch of high-impact work out. The power ought to be 40 to 60% of the greatest HR and the term ought to associate with 30 to an hour, except if the individual is taking hypoglycemic specialists or insulin.

Christianity and Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Christianity and Human Rights - Essay Example The Christian confidence has been exceptionally instrumental in guaranteeing that the widespread human rights are regarded and that everyone is brought into the world with a specific natural rights that can't be detracted from them. This implies everyone is equivalent irregardless of their races, shading, sex and religion. In spite of the fact that Christianity has been refered to by certain individuals as being severe in different occasions in the history, the job it has played in advancing human rights can be excessively thought little of and this is on the grounds that the religion from its commencement have considered everyone as being made by one Supreme Being, God and that everyone is equivalent before the eyes of the master (Tierney, 1997). Be that as it may, the religion has likewise been offender of gross human rights infringement in different occasions in history and particularly the Pre-Christian period whereby a few people were considered to have a greater number of rights than others. Notwithstanding, even as of now the religion despite everything supported for human rights in different perspectives. The most import part to note is that the establishment that was laid by the religion have been exceptionally instrumental in today’s humanism and this can be confirm by the way that today’s common humanism have received a portion of its perspectives from Christianity (Jack, 2008). History Christianity has been exceptionally instrumental in assisting the philosophy of all inclusiveness and this implies since the Pre-Christian time to the cutting edge time Christianity, the Christians have been vocal in issues encompassing the human rights. In this regard, the Christians have additionally been engaged with different issues that are worried about human rights and this can be prove by different notions that have been broadcast by the Christians in different periods in the history. During the Pre-Christianity period the Jew pushed for the correspondence everything being equal (Richard Tuck, 1973). In any case, their perspectives towards ladies were profoundly segregating and this can be credited to the way that their laws horribly damaged the privileges of the ladies. This can be confirm by the different laws that were set up whereby the ladies were not perceived as autonomous elements and they couldn't be permitted to go to certain functions and furthermore play out some strict exercises. All the pioneers around then were men and just barely any ladies accepted influential positions. Be that as it may, during that period, all individuals were viewed as made by God and with that came different natural rights which couldn't be abused by others. In this period all individuals were viewed as equivalent before the eyes of God (Thomas, 2005). In the Christian time frame, all men were viewed as equivalent before the eyes of God and they were totally viewed as the offspring of the all-powerful. During this period the privileges of the ladies were additionally profoundly campaigned for and this was predominantly through the lessons of Jesus Christ who stated that all individuals were equivalent before the eyes of God irregardless of their sex, shading or race. As of now, through the lessons of Jesus Christ even the slaves were regarded to have a few rights and this implied there was the advancement of the all inclusiveness belief system. These conclusions be that as it may, were not felt by different races particularly the Romans who esteemed different races as second rate. This can be confirm by the way that the Romans being the decision class instituted laws that were discriminative of different races particularly the assessments. Still in this period there was gross maltreatment of human rights in light of the fact that t here were individuals who were considered as slaves and they were treated as inferiors (Elizabeth, 2005). In the Secular time frame, the human privileges of all people have significantly been campaigned for by different associations and this has assumed a significant job in guaranteeing that there is a gross insurance of human rights. The common world have considered that each individual was brought into the world with a specific basic rights and these can be seen by the way that such things as subjugation were nullified and ladies have been managed fairness in different fronts as legislative issues and

Business Insider College Essay Samples - How to Write a Successful Business Essay

Business Insider College Essay Samples - How to Write a Successful Business EssayBusiness Insider College Essay Samples will help you with some of the topics you need to talk about. While doing this, it is important to understand that the personal is going to be a deciding factor when writing your essay.For students who have very little to no business experience, Business Insider College Essay Samples might not be the best idea. However, for students who have been doing business for many years, this could be a good way to learn more.As an employer, one of the first things you are going to ask of applicants is whether or not they have any business experience. With this in mind, Business Insider College Essay Samples can make life much easier for you.One thing to consider is how personal you want to be with your essay. You do not want to be able to relate yourself with your opinions and facts. As an applicant for a job, it is your duty to add content to your application that shows you understand the position and what is expected of you.The main purpose of the essay is to show your skills and knowledge. That's why, you should focus on learning a lot about the field you are applying for. In addition, as an applicant for a job, it is important that you know as much as possible about the industry and the companies that you are working for.The advantage to Business Insider College Essay Samples is that you do not have to worry about that. You are going to be able to learn a lot about your field through this program. You also won't have to worry about anything other than what you write.Business Insider College Essay Samples will help you learn more about the industry, the companies and the industry in general. As an applicant for a job, it is important that you know as much as possible about the company, the job, the job requirements and the job outlook.

Direct and Indirect Measurements of Stereotypes Analyzing...

Direct and Indirect Measurements of Stereotypes Analyzing the use of Direct and Indirect Measurements of Stereotypical Behaviors In the direct measurement of stereotypes, such as the free response, scientists must ask if it is a reliable measurement of stereotypes. Many people may answer a free question regarding a particular group, but answers may be given to the tester of what the tested may what the tester to hear. For example, if a behavioral scientist were to ask a student his or hers feelings regarding African Americans, the student may state what is perceived as the ‘right’ answer at the time, so the scientist does not project the student as a bigot, racist, discriminatory or stereotypic. Therefore, according to David J.†¦show more content†¦52). INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS The Lexical Decision Measure is an indirect measurement that induces a more direct response formed from a person’s opinion or belief system, through indirect means of visual stimulation (i.e. certain words), instead of being prompted by certain label of a particular group(s). However, this too can cause problems, with examples in many versions of dictionaries referring to the word â€Å"black† as â€Å"1. Lacking hue and brightness, absorbing light without reflecting any of the rays composing it. 2. Characterized by absence of light; enveloped in darkness: a black night† (Bing, 2014), before it begins to describe African American people. However, right after explaining that â€Å"black† may pertain to African Americans, it continues to state that black can also mean, â€Å"gloomy, pessimistic, gloomy or stained† (Bing, 2014). With using this as an example, shows the indirectness of a lexicon measurement that is subconsciously stating that Blacks or African Americans lack light, are pessimistic, gloomy, lacking hue or brightness, and enveloped in darkness. Cultural differences and beliefs will read the above definitions differently. Some cultures will believeShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources Do Managers Use? . . . . . . . . . What Skills Are Needed by Today’s Managers? . What Are the Differences in Managing in For-Profit and Not-for-Profit Organizations? . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Personal Accountability A Study of Teamwork - 1118 Words

Personal Accountability: A Study of Teamwork Introduction The dictionary defines the term accountability as an obligation or willingness to take or accept responsibility for ones actions (Merriam Webster, 1). This term is, often time, elusive, especially in daily life. In theory, accountability helps society function, and function well, and for this reason, all must abide by certain rules and recognize when these rules have been broken but, in practice, this is not always so. This paper will examine various aspects of accountability and will aim to see how competencies and conditions act when alone or in a team, to create task and interpersonal connections. The I in Team In order to accomplish the afore-stated goal, this essay will analyze some articles written on the topic of personal accountability. The first article to be analyzed offers a revision of the old adage: There is no I in team. In fact, the author of this article states that there is an I in team, for every individual in a team must pull his or her own weight and must, always, take responsibility for his or her own actions. This is an important aspect of accountability, agreed upon by many other experts. When a person is honest and accountable for his or her actions, furthermore, this creates a sense of trust within the team, and the other members may rely upon the said individual for various tasks. In forming a team, whether for a business or pleasurable purpose, one must not only includeShow MoreRelatedImproving The Team s Collective Knowledge814 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiences through training. Each team member should participate in development courses and to educate themselves further. Not only does this boost the team’s knowledge and therefore, guarantee better success, but it also helps the individual on a personal level. 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Temple and Webster Application The Artisans

Question: Describe about the Temple and Webster Application for The Artisans. Answer: Introduction Temple and Website are named after the two artisans, William Temple and John Webster, who were commissioned by the Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1820, to make furniture. The two are remembered for their teamwork, craftsmanship, and resourcefulness. This report on the e-business website Temple Webster discusses in detail the operation of the company describing its website, journals, blogs, the kind of product it houses and the ways it handles customer interaction. Ease of e-commerce website is detailed by mentioning its magazine-like interface, attractive contents, and extensive product range. The company handles its customer service via Desk.com and its various customer operations, and services are detailed. The companys marketing strategy is detailed which mentions the use of social media and advertisements in digital and physical format. In the supply chain strategy, the company speaks about its balanced approach in the Australian market. In the security strategies, the company states the different ways it handles customer data and privacy in a transparent manner. The concluding part IT Section tells about the various components of the services framework. Recommendations are made accordingly. Description of the company's operation Temple Webster is Australias biggest online-only furniture retailer. The company houses furniture and homewares from boutique brands and upcoming designers to big brands. The site has a search function which lets visitors search for the product of their choice. Currently, the company operates and delivers orders within Australia only. Besides selling products, the company also hosts its own journal and blog, which provides tips, tricks, how-tos, interviews and more on styling ideas and decoration. The company keeps in touch with their customers via social media such as Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest (Templeandwebster.com.au 2016). Ease of use of the ecommerce site For furniture customers usually prefer brick-and-mortar shops for their purchase. Temple and Webster however, went fully online and designed their website in a magazine-like content and styling, with a wide product range while offering low prices compared to its other competitors. The new website has been substantially revamped, and the changes will be noticed for both existing and new users. Users can now browse through more than 130,000 products which include sporting equipment, tableware and kitchen, living room furniture, rugs to bed lines, children's toys to furniture, cushions, and art (Templeandwebster.com.au 2016). Products can now be filtered by color, size, price and more. Their product shipping has got a lot faster with the product being supplied by the supplier within 48 hours and many items including rugs are shipped free within Australia. Limited offers and huge discounts are offered every day throughout the site, and will have red Sale tags in them. To make shopping ea sier, now the user can Shop according to their Style of preference like a luxe, industrial, classic and coastal, or Shop by Room. New additions also include favorites function to make personalized mood boards for sharing, or wishlist to share ideas about gifts with friends and family (Templeandwebster.com.au 2016). E-business applications currently used To handle customer support and service, the company has managed to use Desk.com to manage the volume of customer inquiries via Facebook and email. It would not have been an easy task for the company as the support team receives around 5000 email each week. With the help of Desk.com, valuable reports and insights are produced, full customer preferences and histories are captured, and every inquiry is addressed (Temple Webster 2016). Desk.com is structured in such a way that that the appropriate queries from email and Facebook are forwarded to respective team members by applying filters. Temple and Websters business also started to grow by utilizing the data captured by Desk.com to access valuable and detailed information on the performance of the suppliers, which are forwarded to the technology, merchandising and buying teams. Customer experience, therefore, is greatly enhanced by making use of the valuable insights. Temple and Webster making use of Desk.com can provide superior cust omer service of highest standards. The head of Customer Care, Cindy Dent makes sure that the team behind it responds to inquiries from clients in a reassuring, consistent and efficient way as possible (Salesforce.com 2016). E-commerce marketing strategies To accelerate sales growth in Temple Webster, the company ramped up its cost-cutting efforts while accelerating sales growth by launching its own online store for limited offers. To meet its higher than expectation sales forecasts, the company spent much on marketing, including posts in social media, direct email, Google Ads, to TV and outdoor advertisements. More people visit the website of Temple and Webster than all five IKEA stores in Australia combined. The reason behind it is a mix of offline and online channels for their advertising marketing activities. The company believes that advertising offline helps to create a bond and creates a sense of tangible feeling in the mind of consumers (CommBank Blog 2016). E-commerce supply chain strategy Mitchell (2016) opined that, the companys co-founder Coulter thinks that the firm has spent a lot of money and therefore, the company needs to follow a balanced approach by break even with existing cash and high revenue growth. Products are now shipped within 48 hours and there are many products like rugs, which are delivered without any additional shipping cost within Australia. Standard delivery costs vary from product to product and also depend on the shipping location. Flexibility of delivering products to workplace address is also available. Products can be tracked by a tracking number provided by them. Their products are shipped from multiple warehouses around Australia, which means products often are shipped individually if many items are ordered at once. In order to keep their product prices low, and selections large, they do not maintain a brick-and-mortar store (Mitchell 2016). E-commerce security strategies Villa-Real (2014) explained that, Temple and Webster maintains the guidebook of security instructions when it comes to functioning of the site and maintaining privacy of customer data. The first step is implementing 128 Bit SSL encryption, as customers look for assurances that the payment merchant they are using is trustworthy. SSL or Secured Socket Layer provides an encrypted and secure connection between the site and the visitors. One of the easier ways to detect if the website uses SSL is to notice if the URL of the website starts with https://. The company also uses multifactor authentication, in case the customer account gets hacked or is not accessible. Multifactor Authentication also known as 2 Factor Authentication enables the customer to login to their account by multiple ways. For instance, if the customer forgets the account password, the person can request the password or to issue a new one, which when requested on the website will be sent to the customers registered emai l (Templeandwebster.com.au 2016). The companys website clearly mentions the data it collects from its users and explicitly states that the client can request the data the company holds. The company also goes on to say that it is in compliance with National Privacy Principles and that it shares customer information with their suppliers, logistics partners, billing partners, Federal or State police authorities, and related corporate bodies (Digicert.com 2016). IT architecture Jeston and Nelis (2014) stated that, the current revamped website of Temple and Webster is more responsive, fast and easier to navigate. The site has been designed to be used in desktop computer, tablets and smartphones with variable screen sizes. For smooth operation the IT architecture has been divided into different models. The logistics services model performs maintenance requirements and functions of the applications and the high-level application among them. The layered application model consists of seven components of the services framework. They are Resource Manager, Translator, Transaction router, Application service provider, Formatter, Application service proxy, and Client (Palopoli, Rosaci and Sarne 2013). Recommendations Flash Sale More and more e-commerce sites are opting for flash sales which are timed sales with massive discounts. They are usually limited in number, and this method has often proved to be the most useful in identifying the demand for a new product without wasting inventory, as they are limited in number. Focus on App and App-only exclusives By developing an app for the website, the company will be able to reach out to even more customers who have a smartphone, and giving app-only exclusives like referrals for discounts, or sign-up bonus not only encourage the move towards app, but the promotion is often made by the customers themselves. Regular Site Checkup Site errors will happen over time as more and more content are added like new images, scripts, and videos, which results in missing links, redirects, and duplicate pages. Therefore, it is recommended the site does a check-up by using fee tools like Screaming Frog. With tools like Pingdom, the websites speed can be measured. Conclusion The success behind Temple and Webster factors different reasons that include its operation, marketing techniques, applications used, and its ease of use. Temple and Webster is an online-only retailer, and its main website is the primary focus of the business operation. Besides selling products, it provides a premium level of customer service via Desk.com, which handles all customer related queries. The company's marketing strategy includes airing advertisements on television and on outdoors, Google Ads and social marketing. The company is currently taking a balanced approach to reach a high revenue growth by breaking even with existing revenue. The company has employed 128-bit SSL encryption for securing transactions and customer data is collected and shared with various partners of the company, but the policy of company states the customer can request access to their shared personal data anytime. The current website is much more user-friendly with different filters, the wide range o f available products, and faster shipping of goods. The IT architecture is composed of seven service frameworks for smooth operation in every aspect of the company's operation. Recommendations are made on regular site check-up using free tools to maintain the website, flash sales to evaluate demand of a product and reduce inventory cost, and developing and app, and app-only exclusives to reach a wider mobile user base and encourage promotion. References CommBank Blog. (2016).Growing Your Business Online: Temple Webster success story. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/blog/growing-your-business-online-temple-webster-success-story.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Digicert.com. (2016).All about SSL Cryptography | DigiCert.com. [online] Available at: https://www.digicert.com/ssl-cryptography.htm [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Mitchell, S. (2016, Mar 16). Temple webster rejigs board after shares dive.The Australian Financial ReviewRetrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1773246545?accountid=30552 Mitchell, S. 2016,Temple Webster loss balloons, Melbourne. Palopoli, L., Rosaci, D. and Sarn, G.M., 2013. A multi-tiered recommender system architecture for supporting e-commerce. InIntelligent Distributed Computing VI(pp. 71-81). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Salesforce.com. (2016).On-trend Temple Webster delivers premium customer service with Salesforce - Salesforce Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.salesforce.com/au/customers/stories/templeandwebster.jsp [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Temple Webster. (2016). [online] Available at: https://templeandwebster.desk.com/customer/en/portal/articles/825933 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Templeandwebster.com.au. (2016).About | Temple Webster. [online] Available at: https://www.templeandwebster.com.au/customerservice/about.php [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Templeandwebster.com.au. (2016).Furniture Home Decor Search: privacy-policy | Temple Webster. [online] Available at: https://www.templeandwebster.com.au/privacy-policy [Accessed 27 Sep. 2016]. Templeandwebster.com.au. 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